New Measurement Station in Brazil: Quantum Technology from Jena Expands Global Network in Search for Dark Matter

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Installation of the new station in Vassouras: Frank Bauer and Dr. Theo Scholtes (1st and 3rd from left) from Leibniz IPHT set up the station with Carlos Roberto Germano and Dr. André Wiermann from the Brazilian Observatório Nacional. | Copyright: Leibniz-IPHT | Download

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GNOME measurement station at Leibniz IPHT in Jena: Dr. Theo Scholtes (left) and Göran Hellmann adjust a quantum magnetometer used in the search for traces of dark matter. In continuous operation, it sends measurement data to the GNOME server. | Quelle: Sven Döring | Copyright: Leibniz-IPHT | Download

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Dark matter cannot be directly detected with conventional measurement methods. However, it demonstrably influences the motion of galaxies and the structure of the cosmos. Understanding its nature remains one of the central open problems in physics. The international GNOME collaboration (Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches) specifically looks for signs of hypothetical particles—among them so-called axions—that might interact with atoms inside magnetometers.

“Our station is based on an optically pumped magnetometer, in which we use laser light to drive cesium atoms into specific quantum states,” explains Dr. Theo Scholtes, physicist at Leibniz-IPHT. “If this state changes—for example, due to a passing dark-matter field—we can measure it with high precision.”

The sensor’s technology—including magnetic shielding, laser stabilization, and system control—was developed, built, and tested at Leibniz-IPHT in Jena. The project was funded through the German Research Foundation (DFG) initiative “RioGNOME.”

First Measurement Station in the Southern Hemisphere

The new GNOME station in Brazil is the first permanently operating station of the network in the Southern Hemisphere. This geographical expansion is of particular significance for the project. “With the station in Vassouras, we improve our ability to triangulate potential events—that is, to determine their origin more precisely by comparing signals from multiple stations. The principle is similar to how gravitational waves are detected,” says Theo Scholtes.

Wissenschaftlicher Ansprechpartner:
Dr. Theo Scholtes
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT)
Head of the Quantum Magnetometry Research Group
+49 3641 206166
theo.scholtes@leibniz-ipht.de

Originalpublikation:
https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.202400359 Afach, S., et al. „What Can a GNOME Do? Search Targets for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic Physics Searches.“ Annalen der Physik 2400359 (2025).

Weitere Informationen:
https://budker.uni-mainz.de/gnome/ Website The GNOME Experiment
https://www.leibniz-ipht.de/en/on-the-trail-of-dark-matter-a-quantum-sensor-from-jena-begins-measurements-in-brazil/ More detailed article on the Leibniz IPHT website